Pergamon, also known as Pergamum, was an ancient Greek and Roman city located in modern-day Turkey. It was a prominent city in the Hellenistic period and later became an important center of the Roman Empire. Pergamon is renowned for its rich history, impressive architectural remains, and cultural significance.

Pergamon was founded in the 3rd century BCE and reached its peak during the Hellenistic period under the Attalid dynasty. It was a major political, cultural, and intellectual center, known for its library, medical school, and art. Pergamon later became a Roman city and continued to thrive until Late Antiquity.

The Acropolis of Pergamon is one of the city’s most important archaeological sites. It includes several notable structures, such as the Temple of Athena, the Altar of Zeus, the Library of Pergamon, the Royal Palace, and the Theater. The Altar of Zeus, famous for its intricate frieze depicting the Battle of the Gods and Giants, is considered one of the greatest surviving monuments of the Hellenistic period.

The Library of Pergamon was one of the most renowned libraries of the ancient world. It housed a vast collection of scrolls and manuscripts, rivaling the Library of Alexandria. Although the original library no longer exists, its importance in preserving and disseminating knowledge during the Hellenistic period cannot be overstated.

The Asclepion was an ancient healing center dedicated to the god Asclepius, the Greek god of medicine. It was a place of pilgrimage and healing where patients sought medical treatment through therapies, rituals, and the interpretation of dreams. The Asclepion of Pergamon was known for its innovative medical practices and was considered one of the most prominent medical centers of the ancient world. Red Basilica (Serapeum) is a well-preserved Roman building in Pergamon that was originally dedicated to the Egyptian god Serapis. It is a massive structure with a distinctive red brick exterior and a blend of Egyptian, Greek, and Roman architectural elements. Today, it serves as a popular tourist attraction and occasionally hosts cultural events.